Lawrence Justinian, Saint
Bishop and first Patriarch of Venice. He died in 1456.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091a.htm

Labbe, Philippe
Born at Borges, 10 July, 1607; died at Paris, at the College of Clermont, 17 (16) March, 1667; a distinguished Jesuit writer on historical, geographical, and philological questions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08718b.htm

Latin Literature in Christianity (Sixth to Twentieth Century)
During the Middle Ages the so-called church Latin was to a great extent the language of poetry, and it was only on the advent of the Renaissance that classical Latin revived and flourished in the writings of the neo-Latinists as it does even today though to a more modest extent.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09026a.htm

Loménie de Brienne, Etienne-Charles de
French cardinal and statesman. (1727-1794)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09340a.htm

Legends, Literary or Profane
In the period of national origins history and legend are inextricably mingled. In the course of oral transmission historic narrative necessarily becomes more or less legendary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09121a.htm

La Roche Daillon, Joseph de
Recollect, one of the most zealous missionaries of the Huron tribe, d. in France, 1656.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004c.htm

Lesueur, François Eustache
Jesuit missionary and philologist, of the Abnaki mission in Canada; born (according to notes given by Thwaites, apparently from official sources) near Coutances, Normandy, 22 July, 1685 or 1686, though Maurault gives his birthplace as Lunel, in Languedoc; died at Montreal, 28 or 26 April, 1760, or (according to Maurault) at Quebec, in 1755.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09200a.htm

Louvain, University of
In order to restore the splendour of Louvain, capital of his Duchy of Brabant, John IV of the House of Burgundy petitioned the papal authority for the establishment of an educational institution called at the time studium generale. The Bull of Martin V, dated 9 December, 1425, was the result.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09391a.htm

Luke, Gospel of Saint
An introduction to the book.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09420a.htm

Lossen, Karl August
German petrologist and geologist, born at Kreuznach (Rhine Province), 5 January, 1841; died at Berlin, 24 February, 1893.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09365b.htm

Lumper, Gottfried
Benedictine patristic writer, born 6 Feb., 1747, at Füssen in Bavaria; died 8 March, 1800 (Hefele says 1801), at the Abbey of St. George at Billingen in the Black Forest.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09431b.htm

Lossada, Luis de
Spanish philosopher. (1681-1748)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16056a.htm

Louis XIV
King of France, b. at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 16 September, 1638; d. at Versailles, 1 September, 1715; was the son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, and became king, upon the death of his father, 14 May 1643.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09371a.htm

Labadists
A pietist sect of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries founded by Jean de Labadie, who was born at Bourg, near Bordeaux, 13 February, 1610, and died at Altonia, 13 February, 1674.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717a.htm

Lollards
The name given to the followers of John Wyclif, an heretical body numerous in England in the latter part of the fourteenth and the first half of the fifteenth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09333a.htm

Lunette
Known in Germany as the lunula and also as the melchisedech, is a crescent-shaped clip made of gold or of silver-gilt which is used for holding the Host in an upright position when exposed in the monstrance.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09435a.htm

Lust
The inordinate craving for, or indulgence of, the carnal pleasure which is experienced in the human organs of generation.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438a.htm

La Rue, Charles de
French Jesuit orator. (1643-1725)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09008a.htm

Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe
Born at Quimper, in Brittany, France, 17 February, 1781; died at Kerlouanec, 13 August, 1826, a French physician, discoverer of auscultation, and father of modern knowledge of pulmonary diseases.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08737b.htm

Luther, Martin
Leader of the great religious revolt of the sixteenth century in Germany; born at Eisleben, 10 November, 1483; died at Eisleben, 18 February, 1546.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438b.htm

Laetus, Pomponius
Humanist, b. in Calabria in 1425; d. at Rome in 1497.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08738a.htm

Lütolf, Aloys
Church historian. (1824-1879)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09463a.htm

Lorsch Abbey
One of the most renowned monasteries of the old Franco-German Empire, is situated about ten miles east of Worms in the Grand Duch of Hesse, Germany.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09364a.htm

Laflèche, Louis-François Richer
French-Canadian bishop, b. 4 Sept., 1818, at Ste-Anne de la Perade, Province of Quebec; d. 14 July, 1898.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739b.htm

Laforêt, Nicholas-Joseph
Belgian philosopher and theologian, born at Graide, 23 January, 1823; died at Louvain, 26 January, 1872.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740a.htm

Labat, Jean-Baptiste
Dominican missionary, born at Paris, 1664; died there, 1738.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08718a.htm

Lagrené, Pierre
A missionary in New France, b. at Paris, 12 Nov. (al. 28 Oct.), 1659; d. at Quebec in 1736.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741b.htm

La Fontaine, Jean de
French poet, b. at Chateau-Thierry, 8 July, 1621; d. at Paris, 13 April, 1695.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739c.htm

Love, Theological Virtue of
The third and greatest of the Divine virtues enumerated by St. Paul (1 Cor., xiii, 13), usually called charity, defined: a divinely infused habit, inclining the human will to cherish God for his own sake above all things, and man for the sake of God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm

Lystra
A titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478c.htm

La Harpe, Jean-François
A French critic and poet, b. at Paris, 20 November, 1739; d. February, 1803.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741c.htm

Lambert, Saint
Bishop of Maestricht, martyred between 698 and 701 for defending the sanctity of marriage. Also called St. Landebertus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08757a.htm

Louis of Granada, Venerable
Spanish theologian, writer, and preacher. (1505-1588)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09385b.htm

La Luzerne, César-Guillaume
French cardinal b. at Paris, 1738; d. there, l821.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753b.htm

La Fosse, Charles de
Painter, b. in Paris, 15 June, 1636; d. in Paris, 13 December, 1716, and buried in the church of Saint Eustache.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740b.htm

Lyrba
A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, Ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478a.htm

Lagania
A titular see in Galatia Prima.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741a.htm

Low Sunday
The first Sunday after Easter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09400a.htm

LaFarge, John
Painter, decorator, and writer. (1835-1910)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16050b.htm

Laban
Son of Bathuel, the Syrian.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717b.htm

Lynch, John
Historian, b. at Galway, Ireland, 1599; d. in France, 1673; was the son of Alexander Lynch, who kept a classical school at Galway.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09471a.htm

Labarum (Chi-Rho)
The name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, "De mortibus persecutorum", 44), was known in antiquity.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717c.htm

Lalemant, Charles
Born at Paris, 17 November, 1587; died there, 18 November, 1674. He was the first superior of the Jesuit missions in Canada, and his letter to his brother dated 1 August, 1626, inaugurated the series of "Relations" about the missionary work in that country.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752a.htm

La Haye, Jean de
Franciscan Biblical scholar, b. at Paris, 20 March, 1593; d. there 15 Oct., 1661.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741d.htm

La Salette, Missionaries of
Founded in 1852, at the shrine of Our Lady of La Salette, where some priests banded together to care for the numerous pilgrims frequenting the mountain.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09009a.htm

Lalemant, Jerome
Jesuit missionary, b. at Paris, 27 April, 1593, d. at Quebec, 16 November, 1665.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752c.htm

Lainez, James
Second general of the Society of Jesus, theologian, b. in 1512, at Almazan, Castille, in 1512; d. at Rome, 19 January, 1565.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08747a.htm

Lambert Le Bègue
Priest and reformer, lived at Liège, Belgium, about the middle of the twelfth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08757b.htm

Lacedonia, Diocese of
Located in the province of Avellino, Southern Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08732a.htm

Larrey, Dominique-Jean
Baron, French military surgeon, b. at Baudéan, Hautes-Pyrénées, July, 1766; d. at Lyons, 25 July, 1842.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09007a.htm

Lalor, Teresa
Co-foundress, with Bishop Neale of Baltimore, of the Visitation Order in the United States, b. in Ireland; d. 9 Sept., 1846.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753a.htm

Lawrence, Saint
Deacon, martyr, d. 258.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09089a.htm

Linacre, Thomas
English physician and clergyman, founder of the Royal College of Physicians, London, b. at Canterbury about 1460; d. in London, 20 October, 1524.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09265b.htm

Libermann, Ven. Francis Mary Paul
Founder of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which was afterwards merged in the Congregation of the Holy Ghost.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09223a.htm

Laetare Sunday
The fourth, or middle, Sunday of Lent, so called from the first words of the Introit at Mass.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08737c.htm

Liber Pontificalis
A history of the popes beginning with St. Peter and continued down to the fifteenth century, in the form of biographies.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09224a.htm

La Hire, Philippe de
Mathematician, astronomer, physicist, naturalist, and painter, b. in Paris, 18 March, 1640; d. in Paris, 21 April, 1718.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08742b.htm

Lamennais, Jean-Marie-Robert de
French priest, brother of Félicité Robert de Lamennais, b. at St-Malo in 1780; d. at Ploërmel, Brittany, in 1860.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08765a.htm

Lac, Stanislaus du
Jesuit educationist and social work, b. at Paris, 21 November, 1835; d. there, 30 August, 1909.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08729a.htm

Lamb, Paschal
A lamb which the Israelites were commanded to eat with peculiar rites as a part of the Passover celebration.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08755a.htm

Lambert of Hersfeld
A medieval historian; b. in Franconia or Thuringia, c. 1024; d. after 1077.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08758a.htm

Lamennais, Félicité Robert de
Born at Saint-Malo, 29 June, 1782; died at Paris, 27 February, 1854.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08762a.htm

Lahore
Diocese in northern India, part of the ecclesiastical Province of Agra.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08742c.htm

La Moricière, Louis-Christophe-Leon Juchault de
French general and commander-in-chief of the papal army, b. at Nantes, 5 February, 1806; d. at the château of Prouzel, near Amiens, 11 September, 1865.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08767a.htm

Lindores, Benedictine Abbey of
On the River Tay, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, Scotland, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of King William the Lion, about 1191.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09270a.htm

Lambert of St-Bertin
Benedictine chronicler and abbot, b. about 1060; d. 22 June, 1125, at St-Bertin, France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08758b.htm

Lambillotte, Louis
Belgian Jesuit and composer. (1796-1855)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08759b.htm

Lamy, François
An ascetical and apologetic writer of the Congregation of St-Maur, b. in 1636 at Montireau in the Department of Eure-et-Loir; d. 11 April, 1711, at the Abbey of St-Denis near Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772a.htm

Lambruschini, Luigi
Cardinal, b. at Sestri Levante, near Genoa, 6 March, 1776, d. at Rome, 12 May, 1854.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760b.htm

Lawrence, Saint
Successor of St. Augustine of Canterbury as archbishop of that see, and died in 619.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09090a.htm

Lenormant, Charles
French archæologist, b. in Paris, 1 June, 1802; d. at Athens, 24 November, 1859.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09150c.htm

Laity
The body of the faithful, outside of the ranks of the clergy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08748a.htm

Laicization
The term laity signifies the aggregation of those Christians who do not form part of the clergy. Consequently the word lay does not strictly connote any idea of hostility towards the clergy or the Church much less towards religion. Laicization, therefore, considered etymologically, simply means the reducing of persons or things having an ecclesiastical character to a lay condition.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08744a.htm

Lamormaini, Wilhelm
Confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II, b. 29 December, 1570, at Dochamps, Luxemburg; d. at Vienna, 22 February, 1648.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768a.htm

Labyrinth
A complicated arrangement of paths and passages; or a place, usually subterraneous, full of windings, corridors, rooms, etc., so intricately arranged as to render the getting out of it a very difficult matter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08728b.htm

Lamartine, Alphonse de
Poet, b. at Macon Saône-et-Loire, France, 21 Oct., 1790; d. at Paris, l March, 1869.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08754a.htm

Lamprecht
German poet of the twelfth century, of whom practically nothing personal is known but his name and the fact that he was a cleric.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08769a.htm

Lamego
Diocese situated in the district of Vizeu, province of Beira, Portugal.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08761b.htm

Lampa
A titular see in Crete, suffragan of Gortyna, was probably a colony of Tarrha.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768b.htm

Lambin, Denis
French philologist. (1520-1572)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760a.htm

Landriot, Jean-François-Anne
French bishop, b. at Couches-les-Mines near Autun, 1816, d. at Reims, 1874.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784b.htm

Lamp and Lampadarii
There is very little evidence that any strictly liturgical use was made of lamps in the early centuries of Christianity. The fact that many of the services took place at night, and that after the lapse of a generation or two the meetings of the Christians for purposes of worship were held, at Rome and elsewhere, in the subterranean chambers of the Catacombs, make it clear that lamps must have been used to provide the necessary means of illumination.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768c.htm

Laderchi, James
An Italian Oratorian and ecclesiastical historian, born about 1678, at Faenza near Ravenna; died 25 April, 1738, at Rome.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08736b.htm

Lana, Francesco
Born 10 Dec., 1631, at Brescia in Italy; died in the same place, 22 Feb., 1687. Mathematician and naturalist, he was also the scientific founder of aeronautics.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772c.htm

Linköping, Ancient See of
Located in Sweden; originally included Östergötland, the Islands of Gotland and Öland, and Smaaland.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16053b.htm

Lamy, Thomas Joseph
Biblical scholar end orientalist, b. at Ohey, in Belgium, 27 Jan., 1827, d. at Louvain, 30 July, 1907.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772b.htm

Lamberville, Jacques and Jean de
Seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08759a.htm

Lazarus of Bethany, Saint
Reputed first Bishop of Marseilles, died in the second half of the first century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09097a.htm

Liszt, Franz
Article follows the pianist and composer's life and career, showing how his religious expression waned during his middle years, then increased toward the end of his life.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09285b.htm

Lanciano and Ortona
Lanciano is a small city in the province of Chieti, in the Abruzzi, Central Italy, between the Pescara and the Trigni, with a majestic view of Mount Maiella.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08774b.htm

Lamy, Bernard
Oratorian, b. at Le Mans, France, in June, 1640; d. at Rouen, 29 Jan., 1715.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771c.htm

Lanfranco, Giovanni
Decorative painter, b. at Parma, 1581, d. in Rome, 1647.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08786a.htm

Litany of the Holy Name
Does not give the text of the litany itself, but mentions many of the titles of Jesus Christ.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09290a.htm

Lambeck, Peter
Historian and librarian, b. at Hamburg, 13 April 1628; d. at Vienna, 4 April, 1680.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08756a.htm

Lanfranc
Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Pavia c.1005; d. at Canterbury, 24 May, 1089.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784c.htm

Laos
Separated from the Vicariate Apostolic of Siam by a decree of 4 May, 1899.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08794b.htm

Lallemant, Louis
French Jesuit, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne, 1588; d. at Bourges, 5 April, 1635.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752e.htm

Laibach
Austrian bishopric and suffragan of Görz, embraces the territory of the Austrian crown-land of Carniola (Krain).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08743a.htm

Lang, Matthew
Cardinal, Bishop of Gurk and Archbishop of Salzburg, b. at Augsburg in 1468; d. at Salzburg, 30 March, 1540.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08787a.htm

Lando, Pope
Reigned 913-914.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784a.htm

Langres
Diocese comprising the Department of the Haute-Marne.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08789c.htm

Lance, The Holy
In the Gospel of St. John (xix, 34), that, after our Saviour's death, "one of the soldiers with a spear [lancea] opened his side and immediately there came out blood and water".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08773a.htm

Lake Indians
A small tribe of Salishan stock, originally ranging along Columbia River in northeast Washington from about Kettle Falls to the British line.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08751a.htm

Langheim
A celebrated Cistercian abbey situated in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), not far from Mein, in the Diocese of Bamberg.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788c.htm

Lamarck, Chevalier de
Distinguished botanist, zoologist, and natural philosopher, b. at Bazentin in Picardy (department of Somme), France, 1 August, 1744; d. at Paris, 18 December, 1829.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753c.htm

Lafuente y Zamalloa, Modesto
Spanish critic and historian, d. 1866.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740c.htm

Lamont, Johann von
Astronomer and physicist, b. 13 Dec., 1805, at Braemar in Scotland, near Balmoral Castle; d.. 6 Aug., 1879, at Bogenhausen near Munich, Bavaria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08766b.htm

Lamus
A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771b.htm

Lawrence O'Toole, Saint
Confessor, abbot, and the first Irish-born bishop of Dublin, d. 1180.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091b.htm

Leptis Magna
A titular see of Tripolitana.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185a.htm

Latin, Ecclesiastical
The Latin in the official textbooks of the Church (the Bible and the Liturgy), as well as in the works of those Christian writers of the West who have undertaken to expound or defend Christian beliefs.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09019a.htm

Lantern
In Italian or modern architecture, a small structure on the top of a dome, for the purpose of admitting light, for promoting ventilation, and for ornament.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793b.htm

Lapsi
The regular designation in the third century for Christians who relapsed into heathenism, especially for those who during the persecutions displayed weakness in the face of torture, and denied the Faith by sacrificing to the heathen gods or by any other acts.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm

Lamuel
Name of a king mentioned in Prov., xxxi, 1 and 4, but otherwise unknown.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771a.htm

Laranda
A titular see of Isauria, afterwards of Lycaonia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003b.htm

Lambert, Louis A.
Priest and journalist. (1835-1910)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16050c.htm

Laprade, Victor de
French poet and critic, b. at Montbrison in 1812; d. at Lyons in 1883.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001a.htm

Laplace, Pierre-Simon
Mathematician and astronomer. (1749-1827)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08796a.htm

Lanspergius
Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, b. at Landsberg in Bavaria 1489, d. at Cologne, 11 Aug., 1539.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793a.htm

Lutzk, Zhitomir, and Kamenetz, Diocese of
Diocese located in Little Russia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09463b.htm

Langen, Rudolph von
Humanist and divine, b. at the village of Everswinkel, near Munster, Westphalia, 1438 or 1439; d. at Munster, 25 Dec., 1519.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08787b.htm

Lasaulx, Ernst von
Scholar and philosopher, born at Coblenz, 16 March, 1805; died at Munich, 9 May, 1861.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010a.htm

Langham, Simon
Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor of England, b. at Langham in Rutland; d. at Avignon, France, 22 July, 1376.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788b.htm

Labour and Labour Legislation
Labour is work done by mind or body either partly or wholly for the purpose of producing utilities.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08719a.htm

Lapparent, Albert Auguste de
French geologist, b. at Bourges, 30 Dec., 1839; d. at Paris, 12 May, 1908.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08799a.htm

Lassus, Orlandus de
Biography emphasizing his religious compositions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011c.htm

Louis Bertrand, Saint
Spanish Dominican novicemaster and preacher, d. 1581.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09376b.htm

Loja, Diocese of
Suffragan of Quito, Ecuador, includes the greater part of the Provinces of Loja and El Oro.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09332b.htm

Lamps, Early Christian
Of the various classes of remains from Christian antiquity there is probably none so numerously represented as that of small clay lamps adorned with Christian symbols.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08770a.htm

La Richardie, Armand de
Born at Perigueux, 7 June, 1686; died at Quebec, 17 March, 1758. He entered the Society of Jesus at Bordeaux, 4 Oct., 1703, and in 1725 was sent to the Canada mission.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003d.htm

Lateran Council, First
It put a stop to the arbitrary conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by laymen, reestablished freedom of episcopal and abbatial elections, separated spiritual from temporal affairs, and ratified the principle that spiritual authority can emanate only from the Church; lastly it tacitly abolished the exorbitant claim of the emperors to interfere in papal elections.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016b.htm

Lateran Council, Second
To efface the last vestiges of the schism, to condemn various errors and reform abuses among clergy and people Innocent, in the month of April, 1139, convoked, at the Lateran, the tenth ecumenical council.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017a.htm

Lateran Council, Third
In September, 1178, the pope in agreement with an article of the Peace of Venice, convoked an ecumenical council at the Lateran for Lent of the following year and, with that object, sent legates to different countries.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017b.htm

Lateran Council, Fourth
From the commencement of his reign Innocent III had purposed to assemble an ecumenical council, but only towards the end of his pontificate could he realize this project, by the Bull of 19 April, 1213. The assembly was to take place in November, 1215.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018a.htm

Latreille, Pierre-André
A prominent French zoologist; born at Brives, 29 November, 1762; died in Paris, 6 February, 1833.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09035b.htm

Lanzi, Luigi
An Italian archeologist, b. at Mont Olmo, near Macerata, in 1732; d. at Florence in 1810.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793c.htm

Lancelotti, Giovanni Paolo
Canonist, b. at Perugia in 1522; d. there, 23 September, 1590.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08774a.htm

La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de
Author of memoirs and novels, born in Paris, 1634; died there, 1693.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08738b.htm

Lateran Councils
A series of five important councils held at Rome from the twelfth to the sixteen century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016a.htm

Lampsacus
A titular see of Hellespont, suffragan of Cyzicus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08770b.htm

Laurentie, Pierre-Sébastien
French publicist. (1793-1876)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039b.htm

Larino
Diocese in the province of Capmobasso, Southern Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004a.htm

Laski, John
Archbishop of Gnesen and Primate of Poland, b. at Lask, 1456; d. at Gnesen, 19 May, 1531.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011a.htm

Lindisfarne, Ancient Diocese and Monastery of
The island of Lindisfarne lies some two miles off the Northumberland coast, nine and one-half miles southeast of the border-town of Berwick.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09269a.htm

La Salette
Located in the commune and parish of La Salette-Fallavaux, Canton of Corps, Department of Isere, and Diocese of Grenoble.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09008b.htm

Leander of Seville, Saint
Bishop, d. 601.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09102a.htm

Little Office of Our Lady
Historical article on the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, modeled on the Divine Office.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09294a.htm

Lares
Formerly a titular archiepiscopal see in pro-consular Africa.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003c.htm

Lausanne and Geneva
Diocese in Switzerland, immediately subject to the Holy See.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09040a.htm

Larue, Charles de
He took the habit of St. Benedict in the Abbey of St. Faro at Meaux, and made his religious profession on 21 Nov., 1703.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09007b.htm

Latria
In classical Greek originally meant "the state of a hired servant" (Aesch., "Prom.", 966), and so service generally. It is used especially for Divine service (Plato, "Apol.", 23 B). In Christian literature it came to have a technical sense for the supreme honour due to His servants, the angels and saints.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09036a.htm

Laura
The Greek word laura is employed by writers from the end of the fifth century to distinguish the monasteries of Palestine of the semi-eremitical type. The word signifies a narrow way or passage, and in later times the quarter of a town.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039a.htm

Laverlochère, Jean-Nicolas
Missionary, born at St. Georges d'Espérance, Grenoble, France, 6 December, 1812; died at Temiscaming, Canada, 4 October, 1884.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050c.htm

La Rochejacquelein, Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier, Comte de
French politician, b. at the château of Citran (Fironde), on 28 September, 1805; d. on 7 January, 1867.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09005b.htm

Lavigerie, Charles-Martial-Allemand
French cardinal, b. at Huire near Bayonne, 13 Oct., 1825; d. at Algiers, 27 Nov., 1892.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050d.htm

Leon
Provides history and geography of the area.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09175a.htm

Lauda Sion
The opening words (used as a title of the sequence composed by St. Thomas Aquinas, about the year 1264, for the Mass of Corpus Christi.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09036b.htm

Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of Saint
The military order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem originated in a leper hospital founded in the twelfth century by the crusaders of the Latin Kingdom.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09096b.htm

Latin Church
The Latin Church is simply that vast portion of the Catholic body which obeys the Latin patriarch, which submits to the pope, not only in papal, but also in patriarchal matters.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09022a.htm

Lord's Prayer
Although the Latin term oratio dominica is of early date, the phrase "Lord's Prayer" does not seem to have been generally familiar in England before the Reformation. During the Middle Ages the "Our Father" was always said in Latin, even by the uneducated. Hence it was then most commonly known as the Pater noster.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09356a.htm

Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Saint
Missionary to Brittany, d. 1716.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09384a.htm

Le Blant, Edmond-Frederic
French archeologist and historian, born 12 August, 1818; died 5 July, 1897 at Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09105b.htm

La Trappe
Abbey of the Order of Reformed Cistercians.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09035a.htm

Law, Natural
In English this term is frequently employed as equivalent to the laws of nature, meaning the order which governs the activities of the material universe. Among the Roman jurists natural law designated those instincts and emotions common to man and the lower animals, such as the instinct of self-preservation and love of offspring.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09076a.htm

Lanigan, John
Irish Church historian. (1758-1825)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16051a.htm

Lataste, Marie
Born at Mimbaste near Dax, France, 21 February, 1822; died at Rennes, 10 May, 1847; was the youngest child of simple pious peasants.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09012a.htm

Law, Canon
Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09056a.htm

Lay Communion
Speaking generally, the expression "lay communion" does not necessarily imply the idea of the Eucharist, but only the condition of a layman in communion with the Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09093b.htm

Lay Abbot
A name used to designate a layman on whom a king or someone in authority bestowed an abbey as a reward for services rendered.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09092a.htm

Le Mercier, François
One of the early missionaries of New France, b. at Paris, 4 October, 1604; d. in the island of Martinique, 12 June, 1690.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09146b.htm

Lamb (in Early Christian Symbolism)
One of the few Christian symbols dating from the first century is that of the Good Shepherd carrying on His shoulders a lamb or a sheep, with two other sheep at his side.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08755b.htm

Lazarus
The name of two persons in the N.T.; a character in one of Christ's parables, and the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09096a.htm

Lebanon
So called from the snow which covers the highest peaks during almost the entire year, or from the limestone which glistens white in the distance.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09104a.htm

Lavérendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de
Discoverer of the Canadian West, born at Three Rivers, Quebec, 17 November, 1685; died at Montreal, 6 December, 1749.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050b.htm

Lauzon, Pierre de
A noted missionary of New France in the eighteenth century, born at Poitiers, 26 September, 1687; died at Quebec, 5 September, 1742.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09044a.htm

Latini, Brunetto
Florentine philosopher and statesman, born at Florence, c. 1210; the son of Buonaccorso Latini, died 1294.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09034a.htm

Lay Confession
This article does not deal with confession by laymen but with that made to laymen, for the purpose of obtaining the remission of sins by God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09094a.htm

Lebwin, Saint
Also called Lebuinus or Liafwin. English-born missionary to the Frisians, died at Deventer around 770. Biography.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09106b.htm

La Chaise, François d'Aix de
Confessor of King Louis XIV, born at the mansion of Aix, in Forez, Department of Loire, 25 August, 1624; died at Paris, 20 January, 1709.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08732b.htm

Leo Diaconus
Byzantine historian; b. at Kaloe, at the foot of Mount Tmolos, in Ionia, about the year 950; the year of his death is unknown.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09174b.htm

Le Coz, Claude
French bishop, b. at Plouévez-Parzay (Finistère), 1740; d. at Villevieux (Jura), 1813.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109c.htm

Lamoignon, Family of
Illustrious in the history of the old magistracy, originally from Nivernais.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08766a.htm

Le Caron, Joseph
One of the four pioneer missionaries of Canada and first missionary to the Hurons (q.v.), b. near Paris in 1586; d. in France, 29 March, 1632.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107c.htm

Lavabo
The first word of that portion of Psalm 25 said by the celebrant at Mass while he washes his hands after the Offertory, from which word the whole ceremony is named.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09044b.htm

Lallemant, Jacques-Philippe
French Jesuit, b. at St-Valéry-sur-Somme about 1660; d. at Paris 1748.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752d.htm

Lehnin, Abbey of
Founded in 1180 by Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg, for Cistercian monks.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09134a.htm

Legrand, Louis
French theologian and noted doctor of the Sorbonne, b. in Burgundy at Lusigny-sur-Ouche, 12 June, 1711, d. at Issy (Paris), 21 July, 1780.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09133a.htm

Lateran, Saint John
This is the oldest, and ranks first among the four great "patriarchal" basilicas of Rome.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09014b.htm

Lascaris, Janus
A noted Greek scholar, born about 1445; died at Rome in 1535.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010c.htm

Laval, François de Montmorency
First bishop of Canada, b. at Montigny-sur-Avre, 30 April, 1623, of Hughes de Laval and Michelle de Péricard; d. at Quebec on 6 May, 1708.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09045a.htm

Lectionary
A term of somewhat vague significance, used with a good deal of latitude by liturgical writers.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09110b.htm

League of the Cross
A Catholic total abstinence confraternity founded in London in 1873 by Cardinal Manning to unite Catholics, both clergy and laity, in the warfare against intemperance, and thus improve religious, social, and domestic conditions, especially among the working classes.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09101a.htm

Le Gobien, Charles
French Jesuit and founder of the famous collection of "Lettres édifiantes et curieuses", one of the most important sources of information for the history of Catholic missions, b. at St­Malo, Brittany, 25 November, 1671; d. at Paris, 5 March, 1708.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09132a.htm

Lebedus
Titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09105a.htm

Leo II, Pope Saint
Biographical article on this pontiff, who died in 683.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09157a.htm

La Rochelle
The Diocese of La Rochelle (Rupellensis), suffragan of Bordeaux, comprises the entire Department of Charente-Inférieure.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09006a.htm

La Salle, René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de
Explorer, born at Rouen, 1643; died in Texas, 1687.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09009b.htm

Labour Unions, Moral Aspects of
Since a labour union is a society, its moral aspects are determined by its constitution, its end, its results, and the means employed in pursuit of the end.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08724a.htm

Lebrun, Charles
French historical painter, born in Paris, 1619; died at the Gobelin tapestry works, 1690.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09106a.htm

Le Fèvre, Jacques
A French theologian and controversialist, b. at Lisieux towards the middle of the seventeenth century; d. 1 July, 1716, at Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09113c.htm

Le Puy
Diocese in France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185b.htm

Lay Brothers
Religious occupied solely with manual labour and with the secular affairs of a monastery or friary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09093a.htm

Lateran, Christian Museum of
Established by Pius IX in 1854, in the Palazzo del Laterano erected by Sixtus V on the part of the site of the ancient Lateran palace destroyed by fire in 1308. In 1843 the "profane" Museum of the Lateran was founded by Gregory XVI, in whose pontificate also was mooted the idea of establishing a museum of Christian antiquities in the same edifice.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09014a.htm

Lecce
Diocese; suffragan of Otranto.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107d.htm

Le Camus, Etienne
French cardinal, b. at Paris, 1632; d. at Grenoble, 1707.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107b.htm

Lecoy de La Marche
French historian; b. at Nemours, 1839; d. at Paris, 1897.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109b.htm

Legends of the Saints
The legenda are stories about the saints, and often include a mix of historical fact and unhistorical embellishments.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09128a.htm

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent
Chemist, philosopher, economist. (1743-1794)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09052a.htm

Lefèvre de la Boderie, Guy
French Orientalist and poet; b. near Falaise in Normandy, 9 August, 1541; d. in 1598 in the house in which he was born.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09114a.htm

Laodicea
A titular see, of Asia Minor, metropolis of Phrygia Pacatiana, said to have been originally called Diospolis and Rhoas; Antiochus II colonized it between 261 and 246 B.C., and gave it the name of his wife, Laodice.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08794a.htm

Lector
A lector (reader) in the West is a clerk having the second of the four minor orders. In all Eastern Churches also, readers are ordained to a minor order preparatory to the diaconate.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09111a.htm

Ledochowski, Miecislas Halka
Polish cardinal. (1822-1902)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09111b.htm

Leghorn
City in Italy. Suffragan of Pisa.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131a.htm

Lectern
Support for a book, reading-desk, or bookstand, a solid and permanent structure upon which the Sacred Books, which were generally large and heavy, were