Irish Literature
It is uncertain at what period and in what manner the Irish discovered the use of letters. It may have been through direct commerce with Gaul, but it is more probable, as McNeill has shown in his study of Irish oghams, that it was from the Romanized Britons that they first learned the art of writing.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08116a.htm

Ignatius of Constantinople, Saint
Tells the story of this son of Emperor Michael I, forced into monastic life by a rival. Patriarch of Constantinople, deposed on a wicked pretext. Ignatius died in 877.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07647a.htm

Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de Alba
Mexican historian. (1568-1648)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08258b.htm

Interest (in Psychology)
Defined as a kind of consciousness accompanying and stimulating attention, a feeling pleasant or painful directing attention, the pleasurable or painful aspect of a process of attention, and as identical with attention itself.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08075a.htm

Isidore of Thessalonica
Cardinal and sometime Metropolitan of Kiev or Moscow, b. at Thessalonica (Saloniki) towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. at Rome, 27 April, 1463.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08188a.htm

Innsbruck University
Opened at Innsbruck in 1562 by Blessed Peter Canisius, at the request and on the foundation of the Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08024b.htm

Imitation of Christ
A work of spiritual devotion, also sometimes called the "Following of Christ". Its purpose is to instruct the soul in Christian perfection with Christ as the Divine Model.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674c.htm

Ittenbach, Franz
Historical painter; born at Königswinter, at the foot of the Drachenfels, in 1813; died at Düsseldorf, 1879.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08256a.htm

Israelites
The word designates the descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, or Israel.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08193a.htm

Ionopolis
A titular see in the province of Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangres.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08093a.htm

Idealism
The characteristic of those who regard the ideas of truth and right, goodness and beauty, as standards and directive forces.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07634a.htm

Ispahan
A Catholic Armenian Latin see.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08192b.htm

Ibarra
Diocese in Southern Ecuador, suffragan of Quito, created by Pius IX.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07613c.htm

Ivory
The tusks of the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, and other animals: a tough and elastic substance, of a creamy white, taking a high and lasting polish, largely employed in the arts since pre-historic times, and used extensively in making or adorning ecclesiastical objects by the primitive and medieval Christians.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08257b.htm

Iowa
One of the North Central States of the American Union, and is about midway between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08093b.htm

IHS
A monogram of the name of Jesus Christ.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07649a.htm

Issachar
Ninth son of Jacob, and name of the tribe descended from him.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08201a.htm

Innocent XII, Pope
Reigned 1691-1700.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08022a.htm

Irish Colleges, on the Continent
The religious persecution under Elizabeth and James I lead to the suppression of the monastic schools in Ireland in which the clergy for the most part received their education. It became necessary, therefore, to seek education abroad, and many colleges for the training of the secular clergy were founded on the Continent, at Rome, in Spain and Portugal, in Belgium, and in France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08158a.htm

Islam (Concept)
An Arabic word which, since Mohammed's time, has acquired a religious and technical significance denoting the religion of Mohammed and of the Koran, just as Christianity denotes that of Jesus and of the Gospels, or Judaism that of Moses, the Prophets, and of the Old Testament.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08190a.htm

Institute of Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart
There are houses of the institute in New York, Trenton, Porto Rico, and Baltimore.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08055a.htm

Irish College, in Rome
Towards the close of the sixteenth century, Gregory XIII had sanctioned the foundation of an Irish college in Rome, and had assigned a large sum of money as the nucleus of an endowment.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08157a.htm

Iconoclasm
The name of the heresy that in the eighth and ninth centuries disturbed the peace of the Eastern Church, caused the last of the many breaches with Rome that prepared the way for the schism of Photius, and was echoed on a smaller scale in the Frankish kingdom in the West.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm

Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament, Order of the
Founded in the early part of the seventeenth century by Jeanne Chezard de Matel.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07706a.htm

Illinois Indians
An important confederacy of Algonquian tribes formerly occupying the greater part of the present state of Illinois, together with the adjacent portions of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Missouri.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07660a.htm

Ismael
Son of Abraham and Hagar.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08192a.htm

Iconostasis
A great screen or partition running from side to side of the apse or across the entire end of the church, which divides the sanctuary from the body of the church, and is built of solid materials such as stone, metal, or wood, and which reaches often (as in Russia) to the very ceiling of the church, thus completely shutting off the altar and the sanctuary from the worshipper.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07626a.htm

Ivrea, Diocese of
Suffragan of Turin, Northern Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08258a.htm

Images, Veneration of
It is an uncompromising attitude in the late Jewish history, together with the apparently obvious meaning of the First Commandment, that are responsible for the common idea that Jews had no images.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07664a.htm

Incarnate Word, Sisters of Charity of the
This congregation, with simple vows, was founded by Rt. Rev. C.M. Dubuis, Bishop of Galveston.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07705a.htm

Idolatry
Etymologically denotes divine worship given to an image, but its signification has been extended to all divine worship given to anyone or anything but the true God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm

Imagination
The faculty of representing to oneself sensible objects independently of an actual impression of those objects on our senses.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07672a.htm

Ignatius of Antioch, Saint
Biography of the bishop and writer. Ignatius was martyred at Rome sometime between 98 and 117.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07644a.htm

Isaac of Seleucia
Patriarch of the Persian Church, d. 410.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08176b.htm

Idaho
Probably from an Arapahoe Indian word, "Gem of the Mountains", the name first suggested for the territory of Colorado.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07627a.htm

Indian Missions, Bureau of Catholic
An institution originated (1874) by J. Roosevelt Barley, Archbishop of Baltimore, for the protection and promotion of Catholic Indian mission interests in the United States of America.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07745a.htm

Iglesias, Diocese of
A suffragan of Cagliari in Sardinia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07638b.htm

Innocent VII, Pope
Reigned 1406.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08019a.htm

Illuminati
Secret society founded in 1776.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07661b.htm

Internuncio
The name given in the Roman Curia to a diplomatic agent who, though not belonging to the five highest classes of the papal diplomatic service (legatus a latere, nuncio with full powers of a legatus a latere, legate, nuncio of the first class, and nuncio of the second class), is, nevertheless, chief of a legation (chef de mission).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08078a.htm

Iconography, Christian
The science of the description, history, and interpretation of the traditional representations of God, the saints and other sacred subjects in art.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07625a.htm

Immunity
An exemption from a legal obligation (munus), imposed on a person or his property by law, custom, or the order of a superior.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07690a.htm

Ingres, Jean-Auguste Dominique
A French painter, b. at Montauban, 29 August, 1780; d. at Paris, 14 January, 1867.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08008b.htm

Imola, Innocenzo di Pietro Francucci da
Italian painter; b. at Imola, c. 1494; d. at Bologna, c. 1550.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07693a.htm

Irish, The, (in countries other than Ireland)
Includes the United States, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, South Africa, and South America.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08132b.htm

Illyria
A district of the Balkan Peninsula, which has varied in extent at different periods.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07663a.htm

Idumea
The country inhabited by the descendants of Edom.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07638a.htm

Imposition of Hands
A symbolical ceremony by which one intends to communicate to another some favour, quality or excellence (principally of a spiritual kind), or to depute another to some office.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07698a.htm

Iglesias de la Casa, José
A Spanish of the coterie gathered about Meléndez, Valdés, born at Salamanca, 31 October, 1748; died 1791.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07639a.htm

Imola
Diocese; suffragan of Bologna.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07692a.htm

Ignacio de Azevedo, Blessed
Portuguese Jesuit, missionary to Brazil, martyred with thirty-nine companions by Huguenot pirates near the island of Palma in 1570.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07639b.htm

Infanticide
Child-murder; the killing of an infant before or after birth.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08001b.htm

Incense
An aromatic substance which is obtained from certain resinous trees and largely employed for purposes of religious worship.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07716a.htm

In Commendam
A phrase used in canon law to designate a certain manner of collating an ecclesiastical benefice.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07719a.htm

Insane, Asylums and Care for the
The Church, from the earliest times, arranged for the care of the insane.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08038b.htm

Index of Prohibited Books
The exact list or catalogue of books, the reading of which was once forbidden to Catholics by the highest ecclesiastical authority.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07721a.htm

Islip, Simon
An Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Islip, near Oxford; d. at Mayfield, Sussex, 26 April, 1366.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08191b.htm

Indifferentism, Religious
The term given, in general, to all those theories, which, for one reason or another, deny that it is the duty of man to worship God by believing and practicing the one true religion.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07759a.htm

Improperia
The reproaches which in the liturgy of the Office of Good Friday the Saviour is made to utter against the Jews, who, in requital for all the Divine favours and particularly for the delivery from the bondage of Egypt and safe conduct into the Promised Land, inflicted on Him the ignominies of the Passion and a cruel death.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07703a.htm

Ignorance
Lack of knowledge about a thing in a being capable of knowing.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07648a.htm

Immortality
By immortality is ordinarily understood the doctrine that the human soul will survive death, continuing in the possession of an endless conscious existence.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07687a.htm

In Partibus Infidelium
A term meaning "in the lands of the unbelievers," words added to the name of the see conferred on non-residential or titular Latin bishops.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08025a.htm

Imhof, Maximus von
German physicist, born 26 July, 1758, at Rissbach, in Bavaria; died 11 April, 1817 at Munich.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674b.htm

Intendencia Oriental y Llanos de San Martín
Vicariate Apostolic in the province of Saint Martin, Colombia, South America, created 24 March, 1908, and entrusted to the Society of Mary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08069a.htm

Individualism
The tendency to magnify individual liberty, as against external authority, and individual activity, as against associated activity.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07761a.htm

Incest
Sexual intercourse between those who are related by blood or marriage.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07717a.htm

Indulgences
A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, the guilt of which has been forgiven.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07783a.htm

Indult, Pontifical
General faculties granted by the Holy See to bishops and others, of doing something not permitted by the common law.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07789a.htm

In Petto
An Italian translation of the Latin in pectore, "in the breast", i.e. in the secret of the heart.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08025b.htm

Ildephonsus, Saint
Archbishop of Toledo, d. 667.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07649b.htm

Invitatorium
The invitation addressed to the faithful to come and take part in the Divine Office.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08089a.htm

Infidels
As in ecclesiastical language those who by baptism have received faith in Jesus Christ and have pledged Him their fidelity and called the faithful, so the name infidel is given to those who have not been baptized.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08002b.htm

Ipolyi, Arnold
Bishop of Grosswardein (Nagy-Várad), b. at Ipoly-Keszi, 20 Oct., 1823; d. at Grosswardein, 2 December 1886.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08097a.htm

Incarnation, The
The Incarnation is the mystery and the dogma of the Word made Flesh.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07706b.htm

Inchbald, Elizabeth
Novelist, dramatist, and actress; b. at Staningfield, near Bury St. Edmunds, 15 Oct., 1753; d. at Kensington, London, 1 Aug., 1821.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07717b.htm

Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Irish
Founded by Frances Mary Teresa Ball, under the direction and episcopal jurisdiction of the Most Rev. D. Murray, Archbishop of Dublin.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08055b.htm

Individual, Individuality
An individual being is defined by St. Thomas as "quod est in se indivisum, ab aliis vero divisum" (a being undivided in itself but separated from other beings).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07762a.htm

Immaculate Conception, Congregation of the
Article covers several groups of this name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07681a.htm

Italians in the United States
Information on distribution, statistics, and religion.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08202a.htm

Infamy
Loss of a good name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08001a.htm

Induction
Induction is the conscious mental process by which we pass from the perception of particular phenomena (things and events) to the knowledge of general truths.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07779a.htm

Indies, Patriarchate of the East
In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07758a.htm

Indians, American
History, customs, and language are covered here.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07747a.htm

Infessura, Stefano
Lawyer and antipapal chronicler. (1435-1500)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08002a.htm

Innocent II, Pope
Reigned 1130-1143.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08012a.htm

Incardination and Excardination
In the ecclesiastical sense the words are used to denote that a given person is freed from the jurisdiction of one bishop and is transferred to that of another.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07704a.htm

Innocent IV, Pope
Reigned 1243-1254.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08017a.htm

Innocent III, Pope
Reigned 1198-1216.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08013a.htm

Inghirami, Giovanni
Italian astronomer, b. at Volterra, Tuscany, 16 April, 1779; d. at Florence, 15 August, 1851.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08007b.htm

Illuminati
False Spanish mystics.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16046a.htm

Institute of Mary
The official title of the second congregation founded by Mary Ward.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08054a.htm

Innocent VI, Pope
Reigned 1352-1362.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018b.htm

Ingen-Housz, Jan
Investigator of the physiology of plants, physicist, and physician. (1730-1799)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16046b.htm

Innocent IX, Pope
Reigned 1591.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08020a.htm

Inscriptions, Early Christian
Divided into three main classes: sepulchral inscriptions, epigraphic records, and inscriptions concerning private life.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08042a.htm

Innocent VIII, Pope
Reigned 1484-1492.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08019b.htm

Ingworth, Richard of
A Franciscan preacher who flourished about 1225.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08010b.htm

Irish Confessors and Martyrs
The period covered by this article embraces that between the years 1540 and (approximately) 1713.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08163a.htm

Indulgences, Apostolic
Those which the Roman pontiff, the successor of the Prince of the Apostles, attaches to the crosses, crucifixes, chaplets, rosaries, images, and medals which he blesses, either with his own hand or by those to whom he has delegated this faculty.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07788a.htm

Inventory of Church Property
An inventory is to be made at the beginning of a given administration; when the period of management has expired, the out-going official must produce all the things which appear in this inventory or were added later, excepting those which have been consumed or rendered useless.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08084a.htm

Infinity
The infinite, as the word indicates, is that which has no end, no limit, no boundary, and therefore cannot be measured by a finite standard, however often applied; it is that which cannot be attained by successive addition, not exhausted by successive subtraction of finite quantities.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08004a.htm

Ionian School of Philosophy
Includes the earliest Greek philosophers, who lived at Miletus, an Ionian colony in Asia Minor, during the sixth century B.C., and a group of philosophers who lived about one hundred years later and modified the doctrines of their predecessors in several respects.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08092a.htm

Imbonati, Carlo Giuseppe
Cistercian of the Reform of St. Bernard, orientalist, biographer, theologian; born at Milan; flourished in the latter half of the seventeenth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674a.htm

Indianapolis
Diocese; suffragan of Cincinnati, established as the Diocese of Vincennes in 1834, but by brief dated 28 March, and promulgated 30 April, 1898, the pope changed the see to Indianapolis.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07744a.htm

Insanity
The dividing line between sanity and insanity, like the line that distinguishes a man of average height from a tall man, can be described only in terms of a moral estimate.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08041a.htm

Innocent XI, Pope Blessed
Lengthy biography of this pope known for his piety and unselfish devotion to duty.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08021a.htm

Investitures, Conflict of
The terminus technicus for the great struggle between the popes and the German kings Henry IV and Henry V, during the period 1075-1122.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08084c.htm

Ingolstadt, University of
Founded by Louis the Rich, Duke of Bavaria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08007d.htm

Inquisition, Canonical
Either extra-judicial or judicial: the former might be likened to a coroner's inquest in civil law; while the latter is similar to an investigation by the grand jury.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08038a.htm

Injustice
The violation of another's strict right against his reasonable will, and the value of the word right is determined to be the moral power of having or doing or exacting something in support or furtherance of one's own advantage.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08010c.htm

Ine, Saint
King of the West Saxons, d. 728. Also known as Ina or Ini.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07789b.htm

Isaac of Nineveh
A Nestorian bishop of that city in the latter half of the seventh century, being consecrated by the Nestorian Patriarch George (660-80).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08176a.htm

Inspiration of the Bible
Covered in four sections, I. Belief in Inspired books; II. Nature of Inspiration; III. Extent of Inspiration; IV. Protestant Views on the Inspiration of the Bible.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08045a.htm

Intellect
The faculty of thought.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08066a.htm

Installation
This word, strictly speaking, applies to the solemn induction of a canon into the stall or seat which he is to occupy in the choir of a cathedral or collegiate church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08050a.htm

Intention
An act of the will by which that faculty efficaciously desires to reach an end by employing the means.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08069b.htm

Interest (in Economics)
A value exacted or promised over and above the restitution of a borrowed capital.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08077a.htm

Intercession, Episcopal
The right to intercede for criminals, which was granted by the secular power to the bishops of the Early Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08072a.htm

Instinct
The term usually includes the idea of a purposive adaptation of an action or series of actions in an organized being, not governed by consciousness of the end to be attained.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08050b.htm

Institution, Canonical
In its strictest sense the word denotes the collation of an ecclesiastical benefice by a legitimate authority, on the presentation of a candidate by a third person.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08065a.htm

Indiana
One of the United States of America, the nineteenth in point of admission.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07738a.htm

Interdict
Originally in Roman law, an interlocutory edict of the praetor, especially in matter affecting the right of possession; it still preserves this meaning in both Roman and canon law.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08073a.htm

Intrusion
The act by which unlawful possession of an ecclesiastical benefice is taken.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08082a.htm

Introduction, Biblical
Designates the part of Scriptural science which is concerned with topics preliminary to the detailed study and correct exposition of Holy Writ, and also, it is given to a work in which these various topics are actually treated.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08078b.htm

Investiture, Canonical
The act by which a suzerain granted a fief to his vassal, and the ceremonies which accompanied that grant.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08084b.htm

Immaculate Conception
In the Constitution Ineffabilis Deus of 8 December, 1854, Pius IX pronounced and defined that the Blessed Virgin Mary "in the first instance of her conception, by a singular privilege and grace granted by God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved exempt from all stain of original sin."
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674d.htm

Intercession
To go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the other.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08070a.htm

Infralapsarians
The name given to a party of Dutch Calvinists in the seventeenth century, who sought to mitigate the rigour of Calvin's doctrine concerning absolute predestination.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08007a.htm

Illtyd, Saint
Also known as Iltutus. Late fifth- to early sixth-century Welsh saint. Biographical article.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07661a.htm

Isabella I
Queen of Castile. (1451-1504)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08177a.htm

Irvingites
A religious sect called after Edward Irving (1792-1834), a deposed Presbyterian minister.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08174a.htm

Ite Missa Est
This is the versicle chanted in the Roman Rite by the deacon at the end of Mass, after the Post-Communions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08253a.htm

Iriarte, Ignacio de
Painter, b. at Azcoitia, Guipuzcoa, in 1620; d. at Seville, 1685.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08132a.htm

Intuition
A psychological and philosophical term which designates the process of immediate apprehension or perception of an actual fact, being, or relation between two terms and its results.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08082b.htm

Ibagué
Suffragan of Bogotá, in the Republic of Colombia, South America.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07613a.htm

Ionian Islands
A group of seven islands and a number of islets scattered over the Ionian Sea to the west of Greece.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08091a.htm

Innocent XIII, Pope
Reigned 1721-24.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08023a.htm

India
The peninsula is separated on the north from Tibet and Central Asia by the Himalaya, Hindu Kush, and Karakoram mountains, and some lower ranges divide it from Afghanistan and Baluchistan.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07722a.htm

Isaac of Armenia
Catholicos or Patriarch of Armenia (338-439).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08175b.htm

Innocent X, Pope
Reigned 1644-1655.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08020b.htm

Infallibility
In general, exemption or immunity from liability to error or failure; in particular in theological usage, the supernatural prerogative by which the Church of Christ is, by a special Divine assistance, preserved from liability to error in her definitive dogmatic teaching regarding matters of faith and morals.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07790a.htm

Indo-China
The most easterly of the three great peninsulas of Southern Asia, is bounded on the north by the mountains of Assam, the Plateau of Yun-nan, and the mountains of Kwang-si; on the east by the province of Kwang-si (Canton), the Gulf of Tong-king, and the Sea of China; on the south by the Sea of China, the Gulf of Siam and the Strait of Malacca; on the west by the Gulf of Martaban and the Bay of Bengal.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07765a.htm

Iona, School of
Thorough history of the ancient monastery.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08090a.htm

Isleta Pueblo
The name of two pueblos of the ancient Tigua tribe, of remote Shoshoncan stock.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08191a.htm

Irene, Sister
Catherine FitzGibbon, born in London, England, 12 May, 1823; died in New York, 14 August, 1896.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08131a.htm

Irenopolis
A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08131b.htm

Iroquois
A noted confederacy of five, and afterwards six, cognate tribes of Iroquoian stock, and closely cognate languages, formerly occupying central New York, and claiming right of conquest over nearly all the tribes from Hudson Bay to Tennessee River, and westward to Lake Michigan and Illinois River.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08168b.htm

Interims
Temporary settlements in matters of religion, entered into by Emperor Charles V (1519-56) with the Protestants.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08077b.htm

Irnerius
An Italian jurist and founder of the School of Glossators, b. at Bologna about 1050; d. there about 1130.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08168a.htm

Isionda
A titular see in the province of Pamphylia Secunda; it was a suffragan of Perge.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08189b.htm

Innocent V, Pope Blessed
French Dominican, known as "most famous doctor," d. 1276.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018a.htm

Introit
The Introit (Introitus) of the Mass is the fragment of a psalm with its antiphon sung while the celebrant and ministers enter the church and approach the altar.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08081a.htm

Ipsus
A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08098a.htm

Isaias
Essay on the Biblical prophet and the book which bears his name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08179b.htm

Ingulf
Abbot of Croyland, Lincolnshire; d. there 17 December 1109.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08010a.htm

Issus
Titular see of Cilicia Prima.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08201b.htm

Isaac
The son of Abraham and Sara.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08175a.htm

In Coeœna Domini
A papal Bull, so called from the feast on which it was annually published in Rome, viz, the feast of the Lord's Supper, or Maundy Thursday.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07717c.htm

Isla, José Francisco de
Spanish preacher and satirist, b. at Villavidantes (Kingdom of Leon), 24 March, 1703; d. at Bologna, 2 November, 1782.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08189c.htm

Ibas
Elected Bishop of Edessa in 439 as successor of Rabbulas, one of the most ardent supporters of St. Cyril; d. 457.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07614a.htm

Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'
Founder of the colony of Louisiana, b. at Villemarie, Montreal, 16 July, 1661; d. at Havana, 9 July, 1706.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07614b.htm

Ibora
A titular see in the Province of Helenopont, suffragan of Amasia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07615a.htm

Iceland
The island called Iceland, is considered, because of its population and history as forming a part of Europe, is situated in the North Atlantic Ocean.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07615b.htm

Iconium
A titular see of Lycaonia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07619a.htm

Idea
The word was originally Greek, but passed without change into Latin. It seems first to have meant form, shape, or appearance, whence, by an easy transition, it acquired the connotation of nature, or kind.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07630a.htm

Idiota
The nom de plume of an ancient, learned, and pious writer whose identity remained unknown for some centuries.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07635a.htm

Illegitimacy
As generally defined, and as understood in this article, illegitimacy denotes the condition of children born out of wedlock.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07650a.htm

Illinois
One of the United States of America, bounded on the north by Wisconsin, on the west by the Mississippi, which separates it from Iowa and Missouri, on the south by the confluent waters of the Mississippi and the Ohio, which separate it from Kentucky, on the east by Indiana and Lake Michigan.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07653a.htm

Immanence
Latin, in manere, to remain in. The quality of any action which begins and ends within the agent.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07682a.htm

Impanation
An heretical doctrine according to which Christ is in the Eucharist through His human body substantially united with the substances of bread and wine, and thus is really present as God, made bread.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07694a.htm

Impediments, Canonical
Canon law uses the word impediment in its restricted and technical sense, only in reference to marriage, while impediments to Holy orders are spoken of as irregularities.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07695a.htm

Ippolito Galantini, Blessed
Founder of the Christian Congregation of Florence, d. 1619.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08097b.htm

Impostors
That there would be hypocrites who would take advantage of a profession of piety to mask their own evil designs had been clearly foretold by Christ in the Gospels.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07698b.htm

Incorporation of Church Property, Civil
Christianity at its very beginning, found the concept of the corporation well developed under Roman law and widely and variously organized in Roman society. It was a concept that the early Christians soon adapted to their organization and, as a means of protection in the periods of persecution.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07719b.htm

Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
A society of male religious approved by the Church, but not taking Holy orders, and having for its object the personal sanctification of its members and the Christian education of youth, especially of the children of artisans and the poor.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08056a.htm

Institutes, Roman Historical
Collegiate bodies established at Rome by ecclesiastical or civil authority for the purpose of historical research, notably in the Vatican archives.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08061a.htm

Irregularity
A canonical impediment directly impeding the reception of tonsure and Holy orders or preventing the exercise of orders already received.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08170a.htm

Irremovability
A quality of certain ecclesiastical offices and dignities. It implies that the incumbent's appointment is, under certain conditions, a perpetual one, or for the term of his natural life.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08173a.htm

Isaura
Titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08184a.htm

Ischia
Diocese, suffragan to Naples.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08185a.htm

Isernia and Venafro
Diocese in the province of Campobasso in Molise (Southern Italy).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08185b.htm

Italian Literature
The modern language of Italy is naturally derived from Latin, a continuation and development of the Latin actually spoken among the inhabitants of the peninsula after the downfall of the Roman Empire.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08245a.htm

Italo-Greeks
The name applied to the Greeks in Italy who observe the Byzantine Rite.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08206a.htm

Italy
In ancient times Italy had several other names: it was called Saturnia, in honour of Saturn; Enotria, wine-producing land; Ausonia, land of the Ausonians; Hesperia, land to the west (of Greece); Tyrrhenia, etc. The name Italy, which seems to have been taken from vitulus, to signify a land abounding in cattle, was applied at first to a very limited territory.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08208a.htm

Itineraria
Under this term are comprised two kinds of works: travellers' relations describing the places and countries visited by them, together with such incidents of the voyage as are worth noting; and compilations intended to furnish information for the guidance of travellers, i.e. works which we now distinguish as books of travel and guide-books.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08254a.htm

Itinerarium
A form of prayer used by monks and clerics before setting out on a journey, and for that reason usually printed at the end of the Breviary, where it can be conveniently found when required.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08255a.htm

Innocent I, Pope Saint
Unanimously chosen to succeed Anastasius. Essay on his writings and some of the more notable events of his pontificate. Innocent died in 417.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08011a.htm

Irenaeus, Saint
Article on the bishop of Lyons, Father of the Church, d. late second or early third century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08130b.htm

Isaac Jogues, Saint
French Jesuit missionary to Canada, martyred in 1646.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08420b.htm

Isabel of France, Saint
Daughter of Blanche of Castille and sister of St. Louis IX. Founded a convent of Poor Clares. Died 1270.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08179a.htm

Isidore of Pelusium, Saint
Born at Alexandria, became a monk, opposed Nestorianism and Eutychianism, d. no later than 449-450.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08185c.htm

Isidore of Seville, Saint
Biographical entry for this bishop, who died in 636.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08186a.htm

Isidore the Labourer, Saint
Spanish day laborer, married to St. María de la Cabeza. He died in 1130.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08189a.htm

Ita, Saint
The "Brigid of Munster," d. 570.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08201c.htm

Ignatius Loyola, Saint
Biography of the Spanish founder of the Jesuits, who died in 1556.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07639c.htm

Ibar, Saint
Irishman, contemporary of St. Patrick, and was a missionary in County Wexford before Patrick set foot in Ireland. Uncle of St. Abban.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07613b.htm

Ives, Saint
Or St. Yves. Patron saint of lawyers, d. 1303.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08256b.htm

Ivo of Chartres, Saint
Essay on the life and writings of this bishop, who died in 1116.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08257a.htm

Ives, Levi Silliman
Born at Meriden, Connecticut, U.S.A., 16 September, 1797; d. at New York, 13 October, 1867. He was one of the most distinguished converts to the Church made in the United States through the influence of the Tractarian Movement of 1848-49.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08256c.htm