Ephraem, Saint
Long article on the life and works of the hermit, deacon, poet.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05498a.htm

Exeter, Ancient Diocese of
English see, chosen by Leofric, Bishop of Crediton, as his cathedral city in 1050.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05708a.htm

Est, Willem Hessels van
Famous commentator on the Pauline Epistles. (1542-1613)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05547a.htm

Eusebius of Alexandria
Ecclesiastical writer and author of a number of homilies well known in the sixth and seventh centuries.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05617a.htm

Eberhard of Ratisbon
A German chronicler about the beginning of the fourteenth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05242b.htm

Executor, Apostolic
A cleric who puts into execution a papal rescript, completing what is necessary in order that it be effective.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05691a.htm

Easter Controversy
The dispute regarding the proper time of observing Easter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05228a.htm

Eyb, Albrecht von
One of the earliest German humanists, born in 1420 near Anabach in Franconia; died in 1475.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05731b.htm

Eyston, Charles
Antiquary, born 1667; died 5 November, 1721; he was a member of the ancient family of Eyston.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05736b.htm

Eve of a Feast
In the first ages, during the night before every feast, a vigil was kept. In the evening the faithful assembled in the place or church where the feast was to be celebrated and prepared themselves by prayers, readings from Holy Writ (now the Offices of Vespers and Matins), and sometimes also by hearing a sermon.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05647a.htm

Easton, Adam
Cardinal, born at Easton in Norfolk; died at Rome, 15 September (according to others, 20 October), 1397.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05240b.htm

Eusebius Bruno
Bishop of Angers, b. in the early part of the eleventh century; d. at Angers, 29 August, 1081.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05616b.htm

Extension
Philosophical term. From Lat. ex-tendere, to spread out.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05714a.htm

Eanbald I
The first Archbishop of York by that name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05224b.htm

Ezechias
King of Juda, son and successor of Achaz.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05737a.htm

Eadmer
Precentor of Canterbury and historian.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05224a.htm

Eznik
A writer of the fifth century, born at Golp, in the province of Taikh, a tributary valley of the Chorokh, in Northern Armenia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05739a.htm

Eymeric, Nicolas
Theologian and inquisitor, born at Gerona, in Catalonia, Spain, c. 1320; died there 4 January, 1399.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05735c.htm

Ebermann, Veit
Theologian and controversialist, born 25 May, 1597, at Rendweisdorff, in Bavaria; died 8 April, 1675.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05516a.htm

Examiners, Synodal
The chief purpose of synodal examiners is to conduct competitive examinations or concursus though they may be designated to hold of other examinations.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05676a.htm

Exedra
A semicircular stone or marble seat; a rectangular or semicircular recess; the portico of the Grecian palæstra, or gymnasium, in which disputations of the learned were held among the ancients; also, in private houses, the parastas, or vestibule, used for conversation.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05692a.htm

Eccleston, Thomas of
Thirteenth-century Friar Minor and chronicler.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05269b.htm

Extravagantes
This word is employed to designate some papal decretals not contained in certain canonical collections which possess a special authority, i.e. they are not found in the Decree of Gratian or the three official collections of the "Corpus Juris".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05715a.htm

Ezekiel
Son of Buzi, and was one of the priests who, in the year 598 B.C., had been deported together with Joachim as prisoners from Jerusalem (IV Kings, xxiv, 12-16; cf. Ezek. xxxiii, 21, xl, 1).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05737b.htm

Evangelist
In the New Testament this word, in its substantive form, occurs only three times: Acts, xxi, 8; Eph., iv, 11; II Tim., iv, 5. It seems to indicate not so much an order in the early ecclesiastical hierarchy as a function.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05645a.htm

Echinus
A titular see of Thessaly, Greece.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05270c.htm

Echave, Baltasar de
Painter, born at Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in the latter part of the sixteenth century; died in Mexico about the middle of the seventeenth.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05270b.htm

Ebionites
Two varieties: the earlier group called Ebionites denied the divinity of Christ; the later Ebionites were a Gnostic sect who believed that matter was eternal and was God's body.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05242c.htm

Epiphania
A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, in Asia Minor, suffragan of Anazarbus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05503a.htm

Examiners, Apostolic
So called because appointed by the Apostolic See for service in Rome. In 1570 Pius V instituted the Apostolic examiners to conduct examinations of candidates for orders and of confessors.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05675b.htm

Erdington Abbey
Situated in a suburb of Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, belongs to the Benedictine congregation of St. Martin of Beuron, Germany, and is dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05517c.htm

Exuperius, Saint
Or Exsuperius. Early fifth-century bishop of Toulouse.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05731a.htm

Easterwine
Abbot of Wearmouth, nephew of St. Benedict Biscop; born 650, died 7 March, 686.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05240a.htm

Ethelbert, Saint
King of Kent, a worshipper of Odin well into his adulthood, converted to Christianity, d. 616. Biography.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05553b.htm

Ethelbert
Archbishop of York.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05554a.htm

Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary
A feast of the Latin Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05543a.htm

Eanbald II
Date of birth unknown; died 810 or 812.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05224c.htm

Ethethard
The fourteenth Archbishop of Canterbury, England, date of birth unknown; died 12 May, 805.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05555a.htm

Eucherius, Saint
Bishop of Lyons, theologian, d. about 449.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05595a.htm

Euchologion
The name of one of the chief Service books of the Byzantine Church. It corresponds more or less to the Missal and Ritual.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05595b.htm

Eudists
An ecclesiastical society instituted at Caen, France, 25 March, 1643, by Jean Eudes.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05596b.htm

Eyre, Thomas
First president of Ushaw College; born at Glossop, Derbyshire; in 1748; died at Ushaw, 8 May, 1810.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05736a.htm

Ecstasy
Offers details of false views.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05277a.htm

Easter
Includes information on the feast and customs.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05224d.htm

Ecclesiastical Architecture
All ecclesiastical architecture may be said to have been evolved from two distinct germ-cells, the oblong and the circular chamber.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05257a.htm

Eyck, Hubert and Jan van
Brothers, Flemish illuminators and painters, founders of the school of Bruges and consequently of all the schools of painting in the North of Europe.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05732a.htm

Echard, Jacques
Historian of the Dominicans, born at Rouen, France, 22 September, 1644; died at Paris, 15 March, 1724.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05270a.htm

Edward III
Detailed biographical article on the King of England.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05321a.htm

Eulogia
The term has been applied in ecclesiastical usage to the object blessed. It was occasionally used in early times to signify the Holy Eucharist, and in this sense is especially frequent in the writings of St. Cyril of Alexandria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05603b.htm

Euphemius of Constantinople
Succeeded as patriarch Flavitas (or Fravitas, 489-490), who succeeded Acacius (471-489).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05606a.htm

Edmund Campion, Saint
English Jesuit, martyr, d. 1581. Biographical article.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05293c.htm

Evolution, Catholics and
Discussed under the headings: (1) Scientific Hypothesis vs. Philosophical Speculation; (2) Theistic vs. Atheistic Theories of Evolution; (3) The Theory of Evolution vs. Darwinism; and (4) Human Evolution vs. Plant and Animal Evolution.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05654a.htm

Egoism
Synopsis of this ethical system, and short refutation.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05328a.htm

Eginhard
Historian, born c. 770 in the district watered by the River Main in the eastern part of the Frankish Empire; d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05366b.htm

Ezzo
A priest of Bamberg in the eleventh century, author of a famous poem known as the "Song of the Miracles of Christ".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05739b.htm

Eckart, Anselm
Missionary, born at Bingen, Germany, 4 August, 1721; died at the College of Polstok, Polish Russia, 29 June, 1809.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05273a.htm

Eleutheropolis
A titular see in Palaestina Prima.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05380a.htm

Estiennot de la Serre, Claude
Benedictine. (1639-1699)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05551a.htm

Elishé
Armenian historian of the fifth century, place and date of birth unknown, d. 480.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05387a.htm

Ecclesiastical Art
Article explores the origin, history, and types.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05248a.htm

English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729)
Since this article was published, some of the causes for canonization have been successful, and others have progressed from "venerable" to "blessed."
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05474a.htm

Eusebius, Saint
Anti-Arian bishop of Samosata, martyr, d. 379 or 380.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05614c.htm

Eusebius, Saint
A Roman presbyter, confessor, d. possibly in 357.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615a.htm

Elias
Old Testament prophet.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05381b.htm

Eliseus
A Prophet of Israel.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05386c.htm

Eusebius, Pope Saint
Reigned for only four months, in 309 or 310, was deported, died in exile, is counted as a martyr.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615b.htm

Eusebius of Cæsarea
Biographical article on the "Father of Church History."
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05617b.htm

Eustace, John Chetwode
Antiquary, b. in Ireland, c. 1762; d. at Naples, Italy, 1 Aug., 1815.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05626b.htm

Eguiara y Eguren, Juan José
Mexican scholar. (d. 1763)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16037b.htm

Expeditors, Apostolic
Officials who attend to the sending of Bulls, Briefs, and Rescripts, that emanate from the Apostolic Chancery, the Dataria, the Sacred Paenitentiaria, and the Secretariate of Briefs.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05712c.htm

Edmund the Martyr, Saint
Short biography of the King of East Anglia, who died in 870.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05295a.htm

Eustachius, Bartolomeo
A distinguished anatomist of the Renaissance period.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05626d.htm

Euthalius
A deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of Sulca.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05629b.htm

Eutropius of Valencia
Spanish bishop; d. about 610.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05630c.htm

Evesham Abbey
Founded by St. Egwin, third Bishop of Worcester, about 701, in Worcestershire, England, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05648a.htm

Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius
German numismatist. (1737-1798)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05274b.htm

Ephesus, Seven Sleepers of
One of the many examples of the legend about a man who falls asleep and years after wakes up to find the world changed.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05496a.htm

Epiphanius
A translator of various Greek works in the middle of the sixth century of the Christian Era.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05504a.htm

Ecclesiastes
The name given to the book of Holy Scripture which usually follows the Proverbs; the Hebrew Qoheleth probably has the same meaning.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05244b.htm

Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de
Spanish soldier and poet, born in Madrid, 7 August, 1533; died in the same city, 29 November, 1594.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05516b.htm

Elcesaites
A sect of Gnostic Ebionites.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05372a.htm

Eckebert
Abbot of Schönau, born in the early part of the twelfth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05273b.htm

Elect
Denotes in general one chosen or taken by preference from among two or more; as a theological term it is equivalent to "chosen as the object of mercy or Divine favour, as set apart for eternal life".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05374a.htm

Epiphanius of Constantinople
Succeeded John II (518-20) as Patriarch of Constantinople.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05504b.htm

Epiphanius of Salamis, Saint
Biographical article on the fourth-century monk and bishop.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13393b.htm

Embolism
An insertion, addition, interpretation. The word has two specific uses in the language of the Church; in the prayer and in the calendar.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05399c.htm

Elohim
The common name for God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05393a.htm

Ember Days
The days at the beginning of the seasons ordered by the Church as days of fast and abstinence.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05399b.htm

Edmund Arrowsmith, Saint
English Jesuit and martyr, d. 1628. Short biography.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05293b.htm

Eusebius, Chronicle of
Consists of two parts: the first was probably called by Eusebius the "Chronograph" or "Chronographies"; the second he terms the "Canon", or "Canons", and also the "Chronological Canons".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05616a.htm

Empiricism
Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i.e. of sensations variously associated and arranged.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05407a.htm

Encratites
Literally, "abstainers" or "persons who practised continency", because they refrained from the use of wine, animal food, and marriage.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05412c.htm

Emanationism
The doctrine that emanation (Lat. emanare, "to flow from") is the mode by which all things are derived from the First Reality, or Principle.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05397b.htm

Emancipation, Ecclesiastical
In ancient Rome emancipation was a process of law by which a slave released from the control of his master, or a son liberated from the authority of his father (patria potestas), was declared legally independent. The earliest ecclesiastical employment of this process was in the freeing of slaves.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05399a.htm

Education
In the broadest sense, education includes all those experiences by which intelligence is developed, knowledge acquired, and character formed. In a narrower sense, it is the work done by certain agencies and institutions, the home and the school, for the express purpose of training immature minds.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05295b.htm

Evolution, History and Scientific Foundation of
History, definition, and various arguments.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05655a.htm

Eleazar
Includes information on three uses of this name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05373b.htm

Eucharist, Introduction to the
The name given to the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar its twofold aspect of sacrament and Sacrifice of Mass, and in which Jesus Christ is truly present under the bread and wine.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05572c.htm

Egan, Boetius
Archbishop of Tuam, born near Tuam, Ireland, 1734; died near Tuam, 1798.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324b.htm

Edmund, Congregation of Saint
Founded in 1843, by Jean-Baptiste Muard, at Pontigny, France, for the work of popular missions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05293a.htm

English Hierarchy, Reorganization of the
The restoration of the English hierarchy in 1850 was a milestone for English Catholics after the Penal Times.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16037d.htm

Elias of Jerusalem
Died 518; one of the two Catholic bishops (with Flavian of Antioch) who resisted the attempt of the Emperor Anastasius I (491-518) to abolish the Council of Chalcedon (451).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05385a.htm

Eycken, Jean Baptiste van
Painter, born at Brussels, Belgium, 16 September, 1809; died at Schaerbeek, 19 December, 1853.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05735a.htm

Emesa
A titular see of Phœnicia Secunda, suffragan of Damascus, and the seat of two Uniat archdioceses, Greek Melchite and Syrian.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05402a.htm

Eve
First woman; wife of Adam.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05646b.htm

Eclecticism
A philosophical term meaning either a tendency of mind in a thinker to conciliate the different views or positions taken in regard to problems, or a system in philosophy which seeks the solution of its fundamental problems by selecting and uniting what it regards as true in the various philosophical schools.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05276a.htm

Elevation, The
The Elevation of the Mass is a rite of comparatively recent introduction.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05380b.htm

Education of the Blind
Includes statistics and history.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05306a.htm

England, John
First Bishop of Charleston, S.C. (1786-1842)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05470a.htm

Engaddi
The name of a warm spring near the center of the west shore of the Dead Sea, and also of a town situated in the same place.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05428a.htm

Egyptian Church Ordinance
An early Christian collection of thirty-one canons regulating ordinations, the liturgy, and other main features of church life.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05363a.htm

Eparchy
Originally the name of one of the divisions of the Roman Empire.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05484a.htm

Epée, Charles-Michel de l'
A philanthropic priest and inventor of the sign alphabet for the instruction of the deaf and dumb; was b. at Versailles, 25 November, 1712; d. at Paris, 23 December, 1789.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05484b.htm

Epact
The surplus days of the solar over the lunar year; hence, more freely, the number of days in the age of the moon on 1 January of any given year. The whole system of epacts is based on the Metonic Lunar Cycle, and serves to indicate the days of the year on which the new moons occur.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05480b.htm

Edward Jones, Blessed
Welsh convert to Catholicism. Became a priest. He was martyred in 1590. Article also has some information on his fellow martyr Anthony Middleton.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08500a.htm

Ephesus, Robber Council of
The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and have thus been preserved. The remainder of the Acts are known only through a Syriac translation by a Monophysite monk, published from the British Museum MS. Addit. 14,530, written in the year 535.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm

English Literature
Latin, French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish literatures are a few of the influences.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05458a.htm

Encyclopedia
An abridgment of human knowledge in general or a considerable department thereof, treated from a uniform point of view or in a systematized summary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05414a.htm

Endowment
A property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated for the support of any person, institution, or object, as a student, professorship, school, hospital.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05421b.htm

Edward the Confessor, Saint
Short biography of the King of England, who died in 1066.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05322a.htm

Emmanuel
Signifies "God with us" (Matthew 1:23), and is the name of the child predicted in Isaias 7:14: "Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and his name shall be called Emmanuel".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05404a.htm

Epicureanism
In its popular sense, the word stands for a refined and calculating selfishness, seeking not power or fame, but the pleasures of sense, particularly of the palate, and those in company rather than solitude.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05500b.htm

Elizabeth Associations
Charitable associations of women in Germany which aim for the love of Christ to minister to the bodily and spiritual sufferings of the sick poor and of neglected children.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05388b.htm

Edward the Martyr, Saint
King of England, assassinated at the age of 16 or 17 at the behest of his stepmother. St. Edward was murdered in 979.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05323a.htm

Edward Stransham, Blessed
English priest and martyr, d. 1586. Biography.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14313b.htm

Etschmiadzin
An Armenian monastery, since 1441 the ecclesiastical capital of the schismatic Armenians, and seat of their patriarch or catholicos, whom the greater part of the Non-Uniat Armenian Church acknowledge as their head.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05571a.htm

Epistemology
That branch of philosophy which is concerned with the value of human knowledge.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05506a.htm

Enthronization
From Greek 'enthronízein, to place on a throne.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05479c.htm

Ephesus, Council of
The third ecumenical council, held in 431.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm

Emmeram, Saint, Abbey of
A Benedictine monastery at Ratisbon (Regensburg), named after its traditional founder, the patron saint of the city.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05406a.htm

Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint
From an association established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection with the sisters, Mathilde and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, 1842, in Nelsse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes, without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the hospitals.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05388a.htm

Erasmus, Desiderius
Article by Joseph Sauer. An extensive overview of the life, works and impact of this scholar.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm

Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus
Austrian botanist, linguist, and historian, b. at Pressburg, Hungary, 24 June, 1804; d. at Vienna, 28 March, 1849.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05421a.htm

England (Before the Reformation)
This term England is here restricted to one constituent, the largest and most populous, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05431b.htm

Ephod
a kind of garment, which differed according to its use by the high-priest, by other persons present at religious services, or as the object of idolatrous worship.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05497a.htm

Edwy
King of the English, eldest son of Edmund and St. Aelfgifu, born about 940; died 959.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324a.htm

Entablature
A superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns in classic architecture.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05479b.htm

Esau
The eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca, the twin-brother of Jacob.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05527c.htm

Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament
A manner of honouring the Holy Eucharist, by exposing it, with proper solemnity, to the view of the faithful in order that they may pay their devotions before it.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05713a.htm

Ecclesiasticus
The longest of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible, and the last of the Sapiential writings in the Vulgate of the Old Testament.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05263a.htm

Ephraim of Antioch
One of the defenders of the Faith of Chalcedon (451) against the Monophysites, b. at Amida in Mesopotamia; d. in 545.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05500a.htm

Eastern Churches
Eastern Churches depended originally on the Eastern Empire at Constantinople.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05230a.htm

Erdeswicke, Sampson
Antiquarian, date of birth unknown; died 1603.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05517b.htm

Epiklesis
The name of a prayer that occurs in all Eastern liturgies (and originally in Western liturgies also) after the words of Institution, in which the celebrant prays that God may send down His Holy Spirit to change this bread and wine into the Body and Blood of His Son.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05502a.htm

Edwin, Saint
Biography of the first Christian King of Northumbria, who died in 633. Also known, in Latinized form, as Aeduini.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05323b.htm

Establishment, The
The union of Church and State setting up a definite and distinctive relation between the two is frequently expressed in English by the use of the word "establishment".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05548a.htm

Esglis, Louis-Philippe Mariauchau d'
Eighth Bishop of Quebec, Canada; born Quebec, 24 April, 1710; died 7 June, 1788.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05538a.htm

Ephesus
A titular archiespiscopal see in Asia Minor, said to have been founded in the eleventh century B.C. by Androcles, son of the Athenian King Codrus, with the aid of Ionian colonists.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05490a.htm

Erastus and Erastianism
The name "Erastianism" is often used in a somewhat loose sense as denoting an undue subservience of the Church to the State.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05514a.htm

Espence, Claude D'
French theologian, born in 1511 at Châlons-sur-Marne; died 5 Oct., 1571, at Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05542a.htm

Emmaus
A titular see in Pa1æstina Prima, suffragan of Cæsarea.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05405a.htm

English College, The, in Rome
Information on its foundation, scholastic status, and students.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05472b.htm

Epiphany
The feast was called among the Syrians denho (up-going), a name to be connected with the notion of rising light expressed in Luke. I, 78.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05504c.htm

Eustace White, Saint
English convert to Catholicism, priest, missionary to his native land, martyred in 1591. Short biography.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15611b.htm

Edward Waterson, Blessed
English priest, missionary, and martyr. Executed in 1594 (1593 old style). Biographical entry.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15566a.htm

Esther
Queen of Persia and wife of Assuerus, who is identified with Xerxes (485-465 B.C.).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05549a.htm

Elhuyar y de Suvisa, Fausto de
Mineralogist and chemist. (1755-1833)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05381a.htm

Ephesians, Epistle to the
The letter which, in the manuscripts containing the Epistles of St. Paul, bears the title "To the Ephesians" comprises two parts distinctly separated by a doxology (Eph., iii, 20 sq.).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05485a.htm

Eckhart, Meister
Biographical article on the Dominican theologian and mystic. Includes bibliography.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05274a.htm

England (After 1558)
Article on the relation of the post-Reformation Catholic church to the English state.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05445a.htm

Educational Association, The Catholic
A voluntary organization composed of Catholic educators and other persons who have an interest in the welfare of Catholic education in the United States.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05305a.htm

Eccleston, Samuel
Fifth Archbishop of Baltimore, U.S.A. (1801-1851)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05269a.htm

Egypt
Provides information on history, religion, and literature.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05329b.htm

Egan, Michael
First bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. in Ireland, most probably in Galway, in 1761; d. at Philadelphia, 22 July, 1814.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324c.htm

Emmerich, Anne Catherine
An Augustinian nun, stigmatic, and ecstatic, born 8 September, 1774, at Flamsche, near Coesfeld, in the Diocese of Munster, Westphalia, Germany; died at Dulmen, 9 February, 1824.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05406b.htm

Expectative
An expectative, or an expectative grace, is the anticipatory grant of an ecclesiastical benefice, not vacant at the moment but which will become so, regularly, on the death of its present incumbent.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05712b.htm

Exegesis, Biblical
The branch of theology which investigates and expresses the true sense of Sacred Scripture.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05692b.htm

Essenes
One of three leading Jewish sects mentioned by Josephus as flourishing in the second century B.C., the others being the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05546a.htm

Eternity
Eternity is defined by Boetius (De Consol. Phil., V, vi) as "possession, without succession and perfect, of interminable life".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05551b.htm

Eudoxias
A titular see of Galatia Secunda in Asia Minor, suffragan of Pessinus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05597b.htm

Encyclical
According to its etymology, an encyclical is nothing more than a circular letter. In modern times, usage has confined the term almost exclusively to certain papal documents which differ in their technical form from the ordinary style of either Bulls or Briefs, and which in their superscription are explicitly addressed to the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops of the Universal Church in communion with the Apostolic See.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05413a.htm

Eucharist, as a Sacrament
Since Christ is present under the appearances of bread and wine in a sacramental way, the Blessed Eucharist is unquestionably a sacrament of the Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05584a.htm

Energy, The Law of Conservation of
Includes the history and philosophy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05422a.htm

Elie de Beaumont, Jean-Baptiste-Armand-Louis-Léonce
Geologist, b. at Canon (Dép. Calvados), near Caen, France, 25 Sept., 1798; d. at Canon, 21 Sept., 1874.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05385b.htm

Eschatology
A survey of the subject in various pre-Christian religions and cultures, an examination of the development of eschatology in the Old Testament, brief overview of Christian teaching.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05528b.htm

Eudocia
Ælia Eudocia, sometimes wrongly called Eudoxia, was the wife of Theodosius II; died c. 460. Her original name was Athenais, and she was the daughter of Leontius, one of the last pagans who taught rhetoric at Athens.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05597a.htm

Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Celebrated on 18 December by nearly the entire Latin Church. Owing to the ancient law of the Church prohibiting the celebration of feasts during Lent (a law still in vigour at Milan), the Spanish Church transferred the feast of the Annunciation from 25 March to the season of Advent, the Tenth Council of Toledo (656) assigning it definitely to 18 December.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05712a.htm

Eucharist, Real Presence of Christ in
Article considers: the fact of the Real Presence; the several allied dogmas grouped about it; and the speculations of reason, so far as speculative investigation regarding the august mystery under its various aspects is permissible, and so far as it is desirable to illumine it by the light of philosophy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05573a.htm

Ernakulam, Vicariate Apostolic of
In May, 1887, the churches of Syrian Rite in Malabar were separated from those of the Latin Rite and formed into the Vicariates of Trichur and Kottayam under European prelates. In response, however, to the petitions of the Syrian Catholics desirous of obtaining bishops of their own race and rite, Leo XIII by his brief "Quae Rei Sacrae" (28 July, 1896) divided the territory anew into three vicariates: Trichur, Changanacherry, and Ernakulam.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16038a.htm

Epistle (in Scripture)
The Old Testament exhibits two periods in its idea of an epistle: first, it presents the epistle under the general concept of a book or a writing; secondly, it regards the epistle as a distinct literary form. The New Testament presents a very highly developed form of an epistle.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05509a.htm

Epping, Joseph
German astronomer and Assyriologist, b. at Neuenkirchen near Rhine in Westphalia, 1 Dec., 1835; d. at Exaeten, Holland, 22 Aug., 1894.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510a.htm

Editions of the Bible
Includes Hebrew and Greek editions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05286a.htm

Echternach, Abbey of
A Benedictine monastery in the town of that name, in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and the Diocese of Trier.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05270d.htm

Eithne, Saint
Irish princess, converted to Christianity by St. Patrick, died immediately after receiving her First Communion (433).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05369b.htm

Eucharist, Early Symbols of the
The earliest and always the favourite symbol of the Eucharist in the monuments was that inspired by the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes; the banquet of the seven Disciples appears only in one (second-century) catacomb scene; the miracle of Cana in two, one of which is of the early third, the other of the fourth, century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05590a.htm

Espinel, Vincent
Poet and novelist; born at Ronda (Malaga), Spain, 1544; died at Madrid, 1634.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05542b.htm

Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio
Preacher and writer, born at Valladolid in 1589; died there, 4 July, 1669.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05534b.htm

Examination of Conscience
By this term is understood a review of one's past thoughts, words and actions for the purpose of ascertaining their conformity with, or difformity from, the moral law.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05675a.htm

Eugenius I
Archbishop of Toledo, successor in 636 of Justus in that see; d. 647.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05602a.htm

Evangelical Alliance, The
An association of Protestants belonging to various denominations founded in 1846.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05641a.htm

Eugenics, The Church and
Eugenics literally means "good breeding". It is defined as the study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16038b.htm

Eugenius II (the Younger)
Archbishop of Toledo from 647 to 13 Nov., 657, the date of his death.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05602b.htm

Eusebius of Laodicea
An Alexandrian deacon who had some fame as a confessor and became bishop of Laodicea in Syria, date of birth uncertain: d. about 268.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05623a.htm

Euthanasia
From Greek eu, well, and thanatos, death, easy, painless death.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05630a.htm

Exclusion, Right of
The alleged competence of the more important Catholic countries, Austria, France, and Spain, to indicate to their respective cardinal protector, or cardinal procurator, those members of the Sacred College who were personæ minus gratæ, so that, if there was a possibility of one of these becoming pope, the authorized cardinal might, before the decisive ballot, give his veto, in the name of his government, against such election.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05677b.htm

Espinosa, Alonso De
Spanish priest and historian of the sixteenth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05542c.htm

Examination
A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; an investigation, inquiry.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05673a.htm

Esdras
Or Ezra. Article on the man and the books which bear his name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05535a.htm

Eunomianism
A phase of extreme Arianism prevalent amongst a section of Eastern churchmen from about 350 until 381; as a sect it is not heard of after the middle of the fifth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05605a.htm

Europus
A titular see in Provincis Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05614a.htm

Eustace, Maurice
His own father had him arrested for secretly taking Holy Orders, and Maurice's brother accused him of treason. Martyred at Dublin in 1581.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05626c.htm

Exul Hibernicus
The name given to an Irish stranger on the Continent of Europe in the time of Charles the Great, who wrote poems in Latin, several of which are addressed to the emperor.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05730a.htm

Ekkehard
Name of five monks of the (Swiss) Abbey of St. Gall from the tenth to the thirteenth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05370a.htm

Extreme Unction
A sacrament to give spiritual aid and comfort and perfect spiritual health, including, if need be, the remission of sins, and also, conditionally, to restore bodily health, to Christians who are seriously ill.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05716a.htm

Ex Cathedra
Literally "from the chair", a theological term which signifies authoritative teaching and is more particularly applied to the definitions given by the Roman pontiff.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05677a.htm

Excommunication
Exclusion from the communion, the principal and severest censure, is a medicinal, spiritual penalty that deprives the guilty Christian of all participation in the common blessings of ecclesiastical society.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05678a.htm

Elbel, Benjamin
Bavarian moral theologian. (1690-1756)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16037c.htm

Exequatur
A faculty which civil rulers impart to a Bull, papal Brief, or other ecclesiastical enactment in order to give it binding force in their respective territories.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05707a.htm

Ethics
Many writers regard ethics as any scientific treatment of the moral order and divide it into theological, or Christian, ethics (moral theology) and philosophical ethics (moral philosophy).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05556a.htm

Exemption
The whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank, and the placing of the person or body thus released under the control of the authority next above the former superior, or under a still higher one, or under the highest authority of all, the pope.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05706a.htm

Espousals
A contract of future marriage between a man and a woman, who are thereby affianced.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05542d.htm

Exorcist
(1) In general, any one who exorcises or professes to exorcise demons (cf. Acts 19:13); (2) in particular, one ordained by a bishop for this office, ordination to which is the second of the four